Beware four major communicable diseases in summer
Posted on October 14, 2009Filed Under Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Prevention | Leave a Comment
In recent years, children’s hand, foot and mouth disease, bacillary dysentery, bacterial food poisoning and epidemic encephalitis B, etc. high in the summer and autumn, the key to prevention of these diseases is to avoid transmission source, cut off the transmission.
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
True Stories
April 2007 ~ May, occurred in the city of Linyi, Shandong Province, hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic, nearly a thousand children have been infected, including a hand, foot and mouth disease in children with suspected death.
Clinical features
Hand, Foot and mouth disease is an intestinal virus, caused by the hand, foot, oral mucosal herpes or ulcers as the main feature of the infectious disease, mainly seen in the four years of age.
Clinical symptoms are: fever, oral pain, sore throat, etc.; incidence of herpes occurs the following day, mainly found in the back of Zhi Zhi, nail and around the heel edge, easy to ulceration of the formation of oral herpes ulcers; of the individual child can occur myocarditis, meningitis and other concurrent disease.
Transmission
Mainly through contaminated by the stool of patients with food, water and communication, direct contact with open and weeping blisters, inhaled when the patient sneezes spraying of droplets in the air, also can transmit.
Prevention and control measures
Hand, Foot and mouth disease is not intractable, but the complications arising from it can be fatal.
Therefore, early detection, early treatment, early isolation and early treatment to reduce the spread of particular importance.
Nurseries, kindergartens and other child focused organizations and places, we should insist FDD system, to observe the child body temperature and the mouth, hands, feet, etc., while making everyday utensils.
In close contact with infants and young children injectable gamma globulin to reduce the incidence or alleviate the symptoms.
Dysentery
True Stories
Since 1963, almost every year, an outbreak occurred.
In September 2005, Zhejiang Province, a mountainous area 74 primary school students suffering from bacillary dysentery, accounting for 10.87% of all students, including a class attack rates reached 21.28%.
Clinical features
Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella, and the crowd generally susceptible to malnutrition, frail children are more vulnerable to disease.
Mainly as follows: In the acute stage of fever and abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucus and other gastrointestinal symptoms sepsis will; chronic bacillary dysentery patients with acute dysentery history; toxic type more common in children, there is a sudden high fever, convulsions, disturbance of consciousness and breathing difficulties symptoms, but mild gastrointestinal symptoms or even no diarrhea, abdominal pain, should be extra vigilant at this time.
Transmission
Spread mainly through the digestive tract can also be transmitted through flies contaminate food.
Prevention and control measures
The above symptoms, diarrhea immediately to the hospital for outpatient treatment, and good isolation and disinfection.
Cut off the transmission, tube well water, manure and diet to eliminate flies.
Bacterial food poisoning
True Stories
In the food poisoning incident, bacterial food poisoning accounted for 30% ~ 90%.
In July 2006, the Ministry received a total of 67 national food poisoning, poisoning the number of 1710, of whom 25 died.
April 9, 2007, Zhengzhou City, a granddaughter of the villagers at home, organized by the full moon feast for bacterial food poisoning that occurs when, poisoning 32.
Clinical features
Bacterial food poisoning is due to bacteria or bacterial toxins eating contaminated food toxic acute infection caused by the disease.
Mainly manifested after onset of abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, may have chills, fever, headache, fatigue and so on.
Nerve-based neuropsychiatric symptoms are serious, mild gastrointestinal symptoms.
Transmission
Primarily through eating contaminated by bacteria or their toxins in food spread.
Prevention and control measures
The above symptoms do not eat indiscriminantly anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal drugs, and timely to the hospital for outpatient treatment of diarrhea.
Preventive measures for the good “start with the mouth,” customs, improve food hygiene, focusing on seizing the “Prevention of pollution”, “control reproduction,” “heated thoroughly before eating to kill pathogenic bacteria,” the three main components.
JE
True Stories
July 2006 ~ August, Shanxi Yuncheng occurred more than 60 cases of Japanese encephalitis, of which 19 patients died.
Clinical features
Japanese encephalitis caused by Japanese encephalitis virus is a zoonotic to brain parenchyma in inflammatory lesions as the major infectious diseases.
Generally susceptible population of patients, mostly children under 10 years of age.
Clinical manifestations are: the onset rapid rise in body temperature, headache, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and may have varying degrees of disturbance of consciousness such as drowsiness, lethargy; disease progress of high fever, outstanding performance is disturbance of consciousness, convulsions or seizures, breathing difficulties and coma, mortality rate is higher at this stage to be extra vigilant.
Most patients can resume after treatment, the patient may be left with severe after-effects.
Transmission
Transmitted by mosquito bites.
Prevention and control measures
Once the disease should be treated in isolation hospital, timely symptomatic treatment and good care, until the body temperature normal.
Note that livestock premises sanitation, anti-mosquito measures, human and animal housing should be separated.
Can be increased by vaccine-specific immunity.
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