Hand foot and mouth disease & EV71
Posted on November 6, 2009Filed Under Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Causes | Leave a Comment
From a historical point of view, people EV71 other hand, foot and mouth disease caused by lack of understanding, often become non-malignant diseases such crimes against humanity reasons.
EV71 was first found in the United States, after Australia and Sweden have also cropped up EV71 epidemic. The mid-20th century, 70, Bulgaria, Hungary, EV71 epidemic appeared one after another, only Bulgaria has more than 750 cases the disease, 149 were caused by paralysis, 44 people were killed. Other countries such as Italy, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Romania, Brazil, Canada, Germany, frequently caused by the EV71 HFMD.
Asia, Japan is more hand, foot and mouth disease country’s history there have been several large-scale epidemic. In 1973 and 1978, two hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic caused by EV71, from 1997 to 2000, EV71 has been active again in Japan.
After a long-term follow-up study, scientists found that EV71 in the A-type virus spread more than in California, while the B-and C-type in the Far East or even widely disseminated around the world. In other words, EV71 is not a country, “patent”, it has “globalization” feature. Present except Antarctica, the other continents have been reports of EV71 epidemic.
The 20th century, the late 90’s, EV71 epidemic in Asia, the region expanded. Have taken place in Malaysia in 1997 caused mainly by EV71 hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic, a few months there are 29 patients died, mostly less than 2-year-old children.
In March 1998 to December, EV71 large-scale epidemic in China’s Taiwan region, the official report found that patients with hand, foot and mouth nearly 13 million, whereas the private sector have estimated that the actual number could be more than 1 million children. At the time of the 405 severe cases, nearly 20% of the children died under the age of five children all died of severe.
The analysis shows that after the SARS attack on the lack of understanding of the disease delayed treatment, is the leading cause of death in children. Mostly children, died in a high fever 2 to 4 days afterwards taken to a hospital, general hospital but was pronounced dead less than 24 hours. The autopsy found that, EV71 virus has invaded the brain in children.
China’s Hong Kong in 1987 occurred in EV71 epidemic in 2001, the first deaths occurred. In the Mainland, the first a hand, foot and mouth cases have occurred in 1981, Shanghai, Wuhan Institute of Virology in 1995, in the EV71 virus, isolated from the mainland for the first time. Although the hand, foot and mouth disease in the Mainland to visit has been for nearly 30 years, but the people for the understanding of hand, foot and mouth disease is still a blank, and Taiwan that year will be similar. Large number of people even confuse the hand, foot and mouth disease and foot and mouth disease.
Hand, Foot and mouth disease and foot and mouth disease has been confused why the main part is sick with the similarities, both of which occurred in the mouth, fingers and toes end. But in either case not just one issue. Pathogens of foot and mouth disease foot and mouth disease virus, belonging to zoonotic pathogens, generally only the first appears OIE be possible to make people sick. Hand, Foot and mouth disease is caused by intestinal infection, its mode of transmission is contact with the patient, through the daily supplies, utensils, toys, contamination by oral infection can also be transmitted through the respiratory tract. Virus on humanity’s greatest threat comes from the malignant variant. But the WHO’s China representative in Beijing, Han Zhuo liters at a press conference that mainland China At present, all cases of hand, foot and mouth disease virus is found in the same subtype, there is no evidence that the virus has evolved into a more lethal type of , or it may have different sources.
Against known viruses, most people will first think of the vaccine. However, EV71 is still no effective vaccine, it can only deal with the virus from the human experience of the most fundamental starting point, cut the popular three components: source of infection, transmission and susceptible populations.
Hand, Foot and mouth disease is already the main source of infection in patients with this disease. The onset of 1 ~ 2 weeks after discharge in patients with pharyngeal virus still ,3-5 weeks later, stool also may still be discharged virus, herpes virus, contains large amounts of fluid even more. Therefore, disease prevention and control is to isolate the sick first and foremost, to enable patients to rest at home, reducing out. At the same time the patients have been contaminated with daily disinfection of feces and other waste be thrown into the bleach soak.
EV71 of the main mode of transmission is through close contact among people. To prevent this sector, the key is doing a good job environment, food and personal hygiene, washing hands before meals and after done.
Hand, Foot and mouth disease in susceptible populations are mainly pre-school children, particularly within the 3-year-old age group the highest incidence rates. The Ministry of Health of the newly released “Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Control and Prevention Guide” (2008 version), it was stressed that “good children, individuals, families and nurseries in health is the key to prevention of infection in this disease.”
In order to prevent harm to babies exposed to this disease, parents should be minimized so that their children to crowded public places, having fun, children’s nutrition should also be attention to rest, to avoid sunlight exposure and prevent fatigue. Do not let children drink unboiled water and eating cold food, avoid contact with sick children. Contact with children before, change diapers, have to wash their hands after handling feces and properly handle the dirt; infants and young children to use baby bottles, pacifiers should be fully cleaned before and after use; room and often ventilation, ground drying clothing. Children, high fever subsided, or if there speech retardation brain symptoms, should be immediately sent to hospital for treatment.
For symptoms of minor children who, without hospitalization, appropriate home treatment, in order to reduce cross-infection. Now take the following measures to alleviate the disease: taking anti-viral drugs, such as ribavirin, viruses, Ling, etc.; maintaining local clean to avoid secondary bacterial infections; if there is erosion of oral, pediatric eating difficulties, can give flow digestible food, mouthwash after meals; part can be coated aureomycin, cod liver oil in order to alleviate pain and promote healing of erosive surface at an early date; also oral B vitamins, such as vitamin B2 and so on.
Hand, Foot and mouth disease and influenza-like epidemic season, the current hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic in China could not come to its peak. Han Zhuo-sheng, that the onset of hand, foot and mouth disease virus were often peaked Liu Qiyue Thus, China’s epidemic situation in earlier than usual, which means that as the weather continued warming of cases likely to increase.
Treatment of this disease, should maintain a rational attitude, there is no need to irrational panic. Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China’s development also proves this point. In March of this year, China’s mortality rate of hand, foot and mouth disease, once as high as 11%, but in the second half of April, the death rate has fallen to 0.2%.
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