Hand, Foot and mouth disease go into the details
Posted on October 14, 2009Filed Under Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Causes, Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Diagnosis, Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Prevention, Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Symptoms | Leave a Comment
Disease Overview
Children with hand, foot and mouth disease is a rash illness in children over the past two years in Singapore and other Southeast Asian region has localized a small epidemic outbreak of this disease in the country is also a clinical disease is more common, especially in the kindergarten this kinds of places where the relative concentration of children, due to the mutual contact between children caused by cross-infection is not uncommon, which is bound to attract much attention.
Hand, foot and mouth disease (Hand, foot and mouth disease, HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by enteroviruses, mostly occurs in infants and young children, can cause hand, foot, mouth and other parts of the herpes, individual patients can cause myocarditis, pulmonary edema, complications such as aseptic meningoencephalitis. Cause hand, foot and mouth disease there are more than 20 kinds of intestinal virus (type), Coxsackie virus A group 16,4,5,9,10 type, B group of 2,5-type, as well as enterovirus 71, were Hand, Foot and mouth disease in the more common pathogens, of which the Coxsackie virus A16-type (Cox A16), and enterovirus 71 (EV 71) the most common.
Latency
The disease incubation period of 2 to 7 days, the source of infection, including patients and latent infection. Epidemic periods, the patient was the main source of infection. Patients with acute onset of illness may be discharged from the throat virus; fluid contains a large number of herpes simplex virus ulceration overflow when the virus; illness a few weeks, the patient can still be discharged since the virus in feces.
Clinical features
Acute onset, fever; oral mucosa scattered herpes, grain size, the pain obvious; palms or soles of the feet appears the Department of rice the size of herpes, hip or knee even be involved. Yan Xing Hongyun around herpes, blister fluid less. Some children may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms. The disease is self-limiting disease, the majority of good prognosis, without leaving any sequelae. A very small number of children can cause meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, acute flaccid paralysis, pulmonary edema and other serious complications.
Mode of transmission
Mode of transmission of the disease varied, in order to spread mainly through close contact with the crowd. Virus may be saliva, herpes fluid, feces contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, utensils, milk with as well as bedding, underwear, etc. caused by indirect contact transmission; patients with throat secretions and saliva of the virus may be droplet transmission; such as exposure to water contaminated by viruses can also be infected through the water; out-patient cross-infection and disinfection of dental instruments can also lead to the spread of substandard one of the reasons.
Popular Features
Hand, Foot and mouth disease caused by the crowd on the gastro-intestinal virus, susceptible to obtain immunity after infection. As different pathogenic type antibodies after infection and the lack of cross-protection ability, so the crowd can be repeatedly infected with disease. Most adults have antibodies obtained through latent infection, therefore, patients with hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly pre-school children, especially those ≤ 3 years age group the highest incidence rates. It is reported in the literature abroad, every 2 to 3 years can be popular one in the crowd.
Hand, Foot and mouth disease are widely distributed, no obvious regional; Four Seasons may be the disease, with high summer and autumn. After the outbreak of the disease Changchengnongxing scattered occur; epidemic periods, kindergartens and nurseries prone to mass infection, families gather incidence of the phenomenon can also occur. Disease is contagious, transmission complex, in a short time can cause large-scale epidemic.
Pathological Causes
Cause hand, foot and mouth disease there are more than 20 kinds of intestinal virus (type), Coxsackie virus A group 16,4,5,9,10 type, B group of 2,5-type, as well as enterovirus 71, were Hand, Foot and mouth disease in the more common pathogens, of which the Coxsackie virus A16-type (Cox A16), and enterovirus 71 (EV 71) the most common.
Differential Diagnosis
Hand, Foot and mouth disease in children because of several common diseases above respiratory infection, chicken pox, etc. is very similar to well identified, so parents should carefully observed. Chickenpox is usually presented to the concentric distribution, in order to head, face, chest, back the main, and then spread to the limbs; while herpes pharyngitis, albeit with fever and throat from herpes, but the blister, such as eye of a needle size to pharyngeal cheek, soft palate , tonsil prevalent, fever above 38 ℃ often, other parts of the herpes does not appear; herpes simplex are located in the buccal mucosa, tongue and gums, secondary infection is common in the lips, eyelids, nose and weeks, in order to miliary blisters, no other parts of the of the lesions. And if a child infected with hand, foot and mouth disease, the general palms, Zu Xin, oral mucosa, perianal area occur such as skin rash, skin rash red color is purple, a small number of children affected limbs and buttocks, trunk rarely.
TCM
TCM theory holds that the disease because of this disease Immunotoxin Exogenous hot and humid. When the vaccine damp heat evil hurt Feipi two dirty, causing pulmonary toxicity Wei disharmony or evil simmers in the spleen, so that spleen limbs and opens into the mouth of dysfunction, the clinical features of the above, while accompanied by fever, runny nose, cough and other micro-flu-like symptoms or summer, salivation, poor feeding, irritability embolism.
Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of the disease quite good, both to eliminate, to relieve symptoms and reduce the course of the disease. The onset of the early and mid-term, generally use more heat-clearing and detoxifying, Huashi cooling blood therapy, commonly used drugs Silver Flower, Forsythia, Huang Qin, gardenia, raw plantago-jen, Arctium Lappa, Chan Yi, Lithospermum, reed rhizome, bamboo leaves, Gypsum, Coptis chinensis, rush, 61 bulk, etc.; in the latter part of the disease, if the see the hand, foot and heart heat, eat less, irritability embolism, you can then add raw land, Ophiopogon japonicus, Bai Wei, Yu-zhu Yin, etc. heat of the product.
Precautions
1, do a good job epidemic report, the timely detection of patients and actively take preventive measures to prevent the spread of the disease spread.
2, good morning, it was discovered suspected patients, the timely isolation and treatment.
3, being contaminated daily supplies, utensils, etc. should be disinfected, most children with faecal waste can be used in other 3% bleaching powder Cheng Qingye soaking, clothing, bedding, toys, towels, etc. should be in the sun exposure, maintain good indoor ventilation for gas.
4, in the prevalence of infectious diseases should be good environmental sanitation, food sanitation and hygiene. Wash hands before meals and after the prevention of disease from the mouth.
5, parents with children as little as possible to crowded public places and reduce the chance of infection, but also attention to children’s nutrition, rest, avoid sun exposure, prevent fatigue and reduce the body resistance.
6, summer, do not let their children eat cold, do not drink unboiled water, fruits must be washed peel. Food must be pasteurized and do not eat perishable foods. Children’s tableware, toys and other supplies, should be promptly disinfected to prevent disease from the mouth.
Comments
Leave a Reply