Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease prevention and acupuncture treatment
Posted on October 22, 2009Filed Under Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Prevention, Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Treatment | Leave a Comment
Hand, Foot and mouth disease (Hand-foot-mouth disease, HFMD) is caused by a variety of intestinal virus, common infectious diseases, infant and child morbidity in the main. Most patients had mild symptoms, fever and hand, foot, mouth and other parts of the rash or herpes as the main feature. May be complicated by a small number of patients with aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, respiratory infections and myocarditis, etc., individual children with severe illness with rapid, easy to die. Infected children and adults do not take the disease, but can spread the virus. Hand, Foot and mouth disease caused by enteroviruses, including enterovirus 71 (EV71), and group A Coxsackie virus (CoxA), echovirus (Echo) some of the serotypes. EV71 infection caused by a larger proportion of severe cases. Infectious intestinal virus, easy to cause an outbreak or epidemic.
I. Etiology
Hand, Foot and mouth disease caused by the main branches of small RNA viruses, intestinal virus Coxsackie virus (Coxasckie virusA) group 16,4,5,7,9,10 type, B-type group 2,5,13; ECO virus (ECHO viruses), and enterovirus 71 (EV71), which the EV71 and Cox Al6 type most common.
Second, epidemiological
(A) Prevalence
Hand, Foot and mouth disease is a global epidemic, the epidemic, much of the world have been reported. The disease was first reported in 1957, New Zealand. Hand, Foot and Mouth disease had no significant geographic differences, and the four seasons can be the disease, more common in summer and autumn and winter the incidence of rare. Hand, Foot and Mouth disease had no significant geographic differences, and the four seasons can be the disease, more common in summer and autumn and winter the incidence of rare.
(B) The source of infection, mode of transmission
People are the only host intestinal virus, patients, and latent infection caught the disease-based source of infection. Intestinal virus is spread mainly by the fecal – mouth and / or respiratory droplets, can also make contact with patients skin and mucous membrane infected with herpes liquid. It may be transmitted via water or food is not clear. A few days prior to the onset of infection by the throat and feces could be detected the virus, usually within one week after onset is most contagious.
Stool of patients, herpes fluids and respiratory secretions and contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, utensils, milk tools, bedding, underwear, and medical appliances may be caused by spread of the disease. Susceptibility: people generally susceptible to enterovirus, overt and covert infections are given specific immunity after infection, duration is not clear. Between various types of virus, no cross-immunity. All age groups can be infected with the disease, but ≤ 3-year-old age group the highest incidence rates.
Third, prevention and control measures
Hand, Foot and mouth disease transmission and more generally susceptible infants and children. Children do individuals, families and nurseries in the health is the key to prevention of transmission of this disease.
(A) Personal precautions
1. Before meals and after meals, or wash their hands with soap after the liquid, etc. to children wash their hands, do not let children drink unboiled water and eating cold food, avoid contact with sick children;
2. Caregivers with children prior to the replacement diapers for young children, have to wash their hands after handling feces and properly handle the dirt;
3. Infants using baby bottles, pacifiers should be fully cleaned before and after use;
4. During the prevalence of the disease should not take children to the crowd gathered in public places with poor air circulation to keep the household sanitation, indoor and often ventilation, ground drying clothing;
5. Child-related symptoms appear to be in time to medical institutions for treatment. Home treatment of children, avoid contact with other children, parents must be promptly carried out on children’s clothing drying or disinfected, the disinfection of children with stool in a timely manner; mild in children with no hospitalization, appropriate home treatment, rest, in order to reduce cross-infection.
(B) of nurseries and primary schools and other collective measures for prevention and control units
1. This epidemic season, at places such as classrooms and dormitories to maintain good ventilation;
2. Every day of the toys, personal hygiene utensils, tableware and other items cleaned and disinfected;
3. For cleaning or disinfection work (especially cleaning toilets), the staff should wear gloves. Washing hands immediately after work;
4. A day of door handles, stair handrails, desktop and other objects, wipe the surface disinfection;
5. Education and guidance of children develop good handwashing habits;
6. Daily examine morning newly discovered suspicious children, it is necessary to take timely delivery of the children attending, home to rest measures; pairs of items used by children should be immediately disinfected;
7. With more children, we must promptly report to the health and education sectors. According to the epidemic control needs as education and health departments may decide to take measures for childcare institutions or school holidays.
(C) prevention and control measures in medical institutions
1. During the epidemic, the hospital should implement pre-triage, and be dedicated to consulting room (Taiwan) admissions of patients suspected of hand, foot and mouth, and guide children to a specialized surgeries, rash and fever (Taiwan) treatment, waiting and treatment areas should be increased and so clean disinfection frequency, indoor cleaning should be applied wet-cleaning methods;
2. Medical staff at clinics, nursing, after every patient should be carefully wash or disinfect their hands;
3. Treatment, care of the sick in the process of using non-disposable instruments, articles, etc. to wipe disinfection;
4. Should not be treated in the same ward other non-intestinal infection in children. Children with severe isolation and treatment should be separate;
5. For children used hospital beds and tables and chairs and other facilities, and items must be sterilized in order to continue to use;
6. Children with respiratory secretions and feces and contaminated objects should be disinfected;
7. Medical institutions found that patients with hand, foot and mouth, or an increase in cases of intestinal infection-related deaths, it is necessary immediately to the local health administrative departments and disease control agency.
4, acupuncture treatment
Dazhui, QU pool, Hegu, less providers, day-shu, foot 3, the sea of blood, Feishu, Xin Yu, Geshu and other acupoints, each 4 to 5 points dialectical use of acupuncture needles may from time to stay, plus moxibustion.
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