Pathogen of Hand, Foot and mouth disease is very complicated
Posted on October 14, 2009Filed Under Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Causes | Leave a Comment
Hand, Foot and mouth disease is a common infectious disease in infants by intestinal viruses, may include fever and hand, foot skin, herpes, oral mucosal ulcers. Hand, Foot and mouth disease is self-limited disease. Most patients with good prognosis after infection, a few patients can cause myocarditis, pulmonary edema, aseptic meningitis and other more serious diseases, and some patients may even die. In recent years, parts of the country after the fatality rate increased in patients infected with the disease, in May 2008 after 2 Hand, Foot and mouth disease has been included in the Class C of legal infectious diseases in China.
Members of the large number of intestinal viruses, in accordance with human beings of their discovery, awareness and the characteristics of the virus, a total of 71 serotypes, including polio virus, Coxsackie virus, ECHO virus and named after the enterovirus 68 ~ 71. Hand, Foot and mouth disease caused by intestinal viruses of the most common is the Coxsackie virus A16 (CoxA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71).
EV71 more dangerous
In general, EV71 and CoxA16 cause hand, foot and mouth disease on the clinical symptoms indistinguishable. However, EV71 infection in addition to hand, foot and mouth disease caused by external, but also cause aseptic meningitis, brainstem encephalitis and polio-like paralysis, prone to cause serious nervous system diseases, and even life-threatening and thus has a greater harm.
Taken place in Shanghai in May 2008 Hand, Foot and mouth disease. In 2008, 5 June, we took place in Shanghai and Zhejiang, the clinical diagnosis of hand, foot and mouth disease in 100 hospitalized children were studied. Found in 50 children with throat swab specimens produced cytopathogenic, identified as enterovirus infection in 37 cases, accounting for 74.0%, of which EV71 for 26 cases (52.0%), CoxA16 of 10 cases (20.0%), the ratio between the two is 2.6:1, Coxsackie virus B group 3 type 1 cases (2.0%), other pathogens in 13 cases, accounting for 26.0%.
Identification results indicate that hand, foot and mouth disease caused by the pathogen complex. 2008 5 June took place in Shanghai and Zhejiang, hand, foot and mouth disease in early childhood is the major pathogens EV71 and CoxA16, but surviving in a certain proportion of other pathogens. We are all the 26 cases of EV71 strains amplified product sequence phylogenetic analysis, we found them in 2008, Fuyang City, Zhejiang and Anhui EV71 virus is similar to belong to the same genotype C, and formed a relatively independent branch; 10 cases belong to the C strain of the virus CoxA16 genetic lineage, with the same period in Fuyang City, Anhui Province CoxA16 (A genetic lineage) different.
Pollution of water sources in rural areas should
Many members of the virus in the intestine, the only successful control and prevention through vaccination is polio caused by poliovirus. EV71, CoxA16 such as hand, foot and mouth disease caused by intestinal viruses is currently no effective vaccine. Therefore, the human hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic prevention against communicable diseases can only be three components: source of infection, mode of transmission and the susceptible population to start.
The source of infection is mainly infected patients. Incidence of 1 ~ 2 weeks, the virus can be present in patients with pharyngeal proliferation in the tonsils, the patient’s saliva, nasopharyngeal secretions with the virus. After the virus enters intestinal proliferation in the intestine, and with the feces, faeces excreted the virus longer, usually 3 to 5 weeks. Skin, herpes simplex virus contains a lot of fluid, ulceration of the virus after overflow. Therefore, close contact with hand, foot and mouth disease is a major route of transmission, such as close contact with hand, foot and mouth disease patients, contact with contaminated supplies, toys. In the health status of poor rural areas, water being contaminated by their faeces can cause hand, foot and mouth disease in children outbreak. Results show, EV71 and CoxA16 virus in clean water to survive a certain time, has been living in sewage pollution of the water environment to survive longer.
Hand, Foot and mouth disease occurred available globally
Hand, Foot and mouth disease is a global epidemic. The earliest report in 1957, New Zealand, hand, foot and mouth disease, then in Europe, the Americas and Asia have the disease, a pandemic. In 1998, China reported 129,106 cases of Taiwan CoxA16 caused by the EV71 and hand, foot and mouth disease, killed 78 people, mostly children under 5 years of age. In May 2008, Anhui Fuyang outbreak of EV71 infection caused by hand, foot and mouth disease, cases accumulated more than 6000 cases, including 24 deaths. In 2009, ending March 18, China has accumulated reported 28,969 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease, involving Henan, Yunnan, Jiangxi and other regions.
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